Iron carbon phase diagram to refine steel from either scrap or pig iron, the amount of carbon must be carefully controlled. Forging temperatures a metal must be heated to a temperature at which it will possess high plastic properties to carry out the forging. Gray iron gray iron was the original cast iron, and is an iron alloy characterized by its relatively high carbon content usually 2% to 4%. Iron carbon equilibrium diagram as used in engineering materials by mechanical engineers. Iron carbon phase diagram iron shows a eutectic with carbon allowing for a lower melting alloy body centered tetragonal.
Now, we consider only a part of fefe3c diagram referring to steel. On this diagram, the carbon percentage is shown on the xaxis and temperature on the yaxis. The ironiron carbide fe fe 3c phase diagram ferrite. Ferrite is present to some extent in a great range of steels, particularly those low in carbon content, and it is also present, in soft cast iron. Unit quiz the ironcarbon system multiple choice identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. The iron carbon phase diagram in their simplest form, steels are alloys of iron fe and carbon c. Iron which contains little or no carbon is called ferrite. However, ductility is loss martensite is too brittle and a post heat treatment is. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The fec phase diagram provides temperaturecomposition map of where the two phases austenite and ferrite occur. Metallography and microstructures of cast iron janina m.
The high lattice distortion induces high hardness and strength to the steel. Section ii the cfe carboniron system by ho okamoto asm international equilibrium diagram the number of experimental and theoretical publications on the fec phase diagrams and related subjects is virtually unlimited because of the unqueslionable importance of fec alloys in all as. The iron carbon phase diagram in fig 2 actually shows two diagrams namely i the stable iron graphite diagram red lines, ii and the metastable fefe3c diagram. Note that pearlite is not a single substance, but rather a fine mixture of ferrite essentially pure iron and cementite iron carbide a chemical compound of iron and carbon. A study of the microstructure of all steels usually starts with the metastable iron carbon fec binary phase diagram figure 1. The iron carbon diagram there are two iron carbon equilibrium diagrams. Iron carbon diagram iron iron carbide phase diagram iron iron carbide phase diagram features of ironiron carbide diagram phases present. It is an interstitial solid solution of a small amount of carbon dissolved in. Ease of reduction the position of the line for a given reaction on the ellingham diagram shows the stability of the oxide as a function of temperature. For example, the phases found in the simple binary fec. Phase diagrams metastable iron carbon fec phase diagram. Iron carbon diagram free download as powerpoint presentation. Nov 01, 2017 in their simplest form, steels are alloys of iron fe and carbon c. Iron carbon diagram iron iron carbide phase diagram iron iron carbide phase diagram features of iron iron carbide diagram phases present.
The volume fractions of ironcarbon phase are calculated at different tempering temperature. On heating the steel, after upper critical temperature, the formation of structure completes into austenite which is hard, ductile and nonmagnetic. Although graphite occurs extensively in cast irons, it is usually difficult to obtain. A sample of the eutectoid composition is cooled from a singlephase region. The fec phase diagram is a fairly complex one, but we will only consider the steel part of the. It will provide a valuable foundation to build knowledge of large variety of both plain carbon steels and alloy steels. Classification of steel and cast iron microstructure, properties and application. Thus, each vertical dashed line, like the solid line in fig. The complete isothermal transformation diagram for an iron carbon alloy of eutectoid composition. Ironcarbon phase diagram in their simplest form, steels are alloys of iron fe and. Metallurgy question ironcarbon phase diagram heat treating. A part of the phase diagram of the iron carbon system is shown in figure 10. The infographic given below indicates the iron carbon equilibrium diagram that represents the complete range of iron carbon alloys.
The following diagram shows a part of the iron carbon phase diagram. This diagram shows the transformations taking place in an alloy of iron carbon. Iron carbon phase diagram under atmospheric pressure this diagram is limited by pure iron on the left and by iron carbide on the right. Iron carbon thephase diagram the complete ironiron carbon. Cast iron is an alloy of carbon and iron and other alloying elements e. Cementite is a chemical compound of carbon with iron and is known as iron carbide fe3c.
Phase a portion of a system that has uniform physical and chemical characteristics. Reactions closer to the top of the diagram are the most. Unit cell unit cell is the basic building block of crystal structure and defines the crystal structure by virtue of its geometry and the atom positions within. It is the softest structure that appears on the diagram. Alloys of iron and carbon the properties of iron are affected. Pdf me8491 engineering metallurgy em books, lecture. Free cementite is found in all steel containing more than 0. It also provides knowledge of various heat treatment processes such as hardening or annealing. This transformation is from pure iron to cementite carbon content 6. Introduction to ironcarbon equilibrium diagram structures. At the lowcarbon end of the metastable fec phase diagram, we distinguish ferrite alphairon, which can at most dissolve 0. The iron carbide diagram is the most important one to study the behavior of iron and alloys of iron steels in particular. The actual ironcarbon diagram is far larger than the part shown here. According to the diagram, point b is which of the following.
Pdf tempering is final process used in heat treatment of steel components. L liquid phase a ferrite bcc structure ferromagnetic fairly ductile d bcc structure. Ironcarbon equilibrium diagram mechanical engineering. The ironiron carbide fefe3c phase diagram in their simplest form, steels are alloys of iron fe and carbon c. This helps us to understand how this control is done. Iron carbon diagram iron steel free 30day trial scribd. Note that carbon lowers the freezing point of iron and that it broadens the tempera.
Teach yourself phase diagrams and phase transformations. A part of the phase diagram of the ironcarbon system is shown in figure 10. Material science, the iron carbon phase diagram, part 1 duration. The ironcarbon diagram also called the iron carbon phase or equilibrium diagram is a graphic representation of the respective microstructure states depending on temperature y axis and carbon content x axis. Some special alloys can exist in more than one phase at the same temperature. Concentrations c 1, c 2, c 3, c 4 are various equilibrium stable as well as metastable concentrations.
It is very soft and ductile and is known as alpha iron by the metallurgists. In the special monograph 3 devoted to the fe c phase diagram we read, as in many other works, that carbon dissolves in liquid iron in unlimited amounts. And looking into the phase diagram of iron current system, it let us know some characteristic features of iron carbon system which we discussed in the previous slide. Thus, this diagram is only just a part of the complete fec equilibrium diagram. And as you cool down pure iron and some amount of carbon in the material what you get is a phase that is called delta iron. Example 2 using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron carbon alloy of eutectoid composition, specify the nature of the final microstructure of a. Introduction to iron iron carbide phase diagram duration. Due to the high lattice distortion, martensite has high residual stresses.
In the present evaluation, the assessed stable fec graphite and metastable fefe3c cementite equilibrium phase diagrams for 0 to 25 at. A study of the constitution and structure of all steels and irons must first start with the iron carbon equilibrium diagram. Ans from ttt diagrams below 1 austenite transform to 100% bainite. Ironcarbon equilibrium diagram poster hobart institute. Iron carbon phase diagram in brief engineering insider. Iron carbide fe3c an overview sciencedirect topics. Isomorphous, eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic, and peritectoid reactions, iron carbon equilibrium diagram. The study of the constitution and structure of iron and steel start with the iron carbon phase diagram. Determine the ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide that will be able to reduce the oxide to metal at a given temperature.
Fe3c iron carbide called cementite because it is hard. Carbon steels and the ironcarbon phase diagram ispatguru. Pdf free download me8491 engineering metallurgy em syllabus. What is ferrite, cementite, pearlite, martensite, austenite. Austenite is a solid solution of free carbon ferrite and iron in gamma iron.
The fec phase diagram is a fairly complex one, but we will only consider the steel part of the diagram, up to around 7% carbon. A binary alloy contains two components, a ternary alloy three, etc. It is also the basic understanding of the heat treatment of steels. For example, for iron 1wt% carbon system, here, the equilibrium phase around 1200 degrees celsius will be austenite. The iron iron carbide fefe3c phase diagram in their simplest form, steels are alloys of iron fe and carbon c.
The iron carbon phase diagram provides a foundation for understanding both carbon steels and alloy steels. The iron iron carbide fefe3c phase diagram microstructures of iron. Mechanical engineering best website for mechanical engineers with complete. Introduction to ironcarbon equilibrium diagram structures in fec diagram ironcarbon equilibrium diagram fig. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. It also indicates where mixtures of these two phases can be expected. Ppt the ironcarbon phase diagram powerpoint presentation. Iron carbon phase diagram in their simplest form, steels are alloys of iron fe and carbon c. In their simplest form, steels are alloys of iron fe and. A very complex ironcarbon phase diagram 1992 a slightly. In their simplest form, steels are alloys of iron fe and carbon c.
The stable condition usually takes a very long time to develop, especially in the lowtemperature and low carbon range, and therefore the metastable diagram is of more interest. It increases with increase in carbon % as reflected in fec equilibrium diagram. Introduction to materials science chapter 9, phase diagrams 2 component chemically recognizable species fe and c in carbon steel, h2o and sucrose in sugar solution in water. Jul 09, 2016 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Ironcarbon phase diagram explained with graphs fractory. Conventionally, the complete fec diagram should extend from 100% fe to 100% carbon, but it is normally studied up to around 6. When we look at the phase diagram over a range of different temperatures, what we see is iron melts at a temperature of 1538 c. It is the hardest structure that appears on the diagram, exact melting point unknown. Now in order for us to do that, lets go back and take a look at the iron carbon phase diagram.
In pure iron, austenite transforms to ferrite on cooling to 912 deg c. It should be realized that gramin discussing iron carbcn al loys, we actually are dealing with plain carbon steels and cast irons. Iron carbon diagram presentation linkedin slideshare. The carbon has different solubilities in the different iron modifications, which form mixed crystals solid solutions. Iron carbon phase diagram crystal structure the atoms of liquid metal during solidification arrange themselves into a systematic pattern called a crystal structure. Black lines indicate the metastable fefe3cphase, red is the stable fe carbon phase note that this diagram is for illustrative purposes only, and is not thermodynamically accurate. The much larger phase field of gammairon austenite compared with that of alphairon ferrite indicates clearly the. Cementite is metastable, and the true equilibrium is to be between iron and graphite c. Home page of the doitpoms micrograph library, based in the department of materials science and metallurgy in the university of cambridge. A slightly more colorful version of the iron carbon phase diagram follows. Carbon phase diagram a century at variance with chemical thermodynamics. Jan 05, 2014 material science, the iron carbon phase diagram, part 1 duration. Phase diagrams definitions and basic concepts phases and microstructure binary isomorphous systems complete solid solubility binary eutectic systems limited solid solubility binary systems with intermediate phasescompounds the ironcarbon system steel and cast iron.